Thymoquinone in Hepatic Lipid Balance: Steatosis Resistance & SOD Induction

The Hepatic Armor of Ancient Apothecaries

1. Upregulation of Endogenous SOD and Catalase: Thymoquinone activates the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, inducing the transcription of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase ($CAT$), and glutathione peroxidase ($GPx$).
2. Resistance to Hepatic Steatosis: In clinical trials (Khonche et al.), daily supplementation with cold-pressed black seed oil significantly reduced hepatic echogenicity, serum ALT/AST liver enzymes, and liver fat accumulation in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver changes.

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Primary Scientific Citations

1. Khonche, A., et al. (2019). Topical and oral administration of Nigella sativa oil in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytotherapy Research, 33(5), 1359-1369.
2. Darakhshan, S., et al. (2015). Thymoquinone and its therapeutic potentials. Pharmacological Research, 95-96, 138-158.